National Digital Tousrism Mission | UPSC EXAM | IAS
INTRODUCTION Ministry of Tourism formed an inter-ministerial task-force in July 2021 to develop National Digital Tourism mission. Recently, a draft has...
PASSPORT SEVA PROGRAMME (PSP) | UPSC | IAS
INTRODUCTION The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) of India has recently announced to introduce a service under which ePassports will be...
RAISING LEGAL AGE OF MARRIAGE FOR WOMEN | UPSC | IAS
INTRODUCTION The central government cabinet has approved the proposal based on the recommendations by the Jaya Jaitley Commission. The proposal suggests...
NATIONAL INTERLINKING OF RIVERS AUTHORITY | NIRA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The government of India has proposed to establish an exclusive body that will implement projects to link rivers across the...
WFP-ICRISAT SIGNS CLIMATE RESILIENT FOOD SECURITY AGREEMENT IN INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION As per the agreement between the World Food Programme and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics the...
THE SWACHH SARVEKSHAN PROGRAM – 2022 | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Hardeep Singh Puri, the union minister for Housing and Urban Affairs, inaugurated the Swachh Survekshan 2022 on September 27, 2021....
ERUPTION OF EARTH’S MOST ACTIVE VOLCANO ON BIG ISLAND IN HAWAII | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On September 30, 2021, the Klauea volcano, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, erupted on Hawaii’s Big Island. The...
KRISHI UDAN SCHEME 2.0
INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Civil Aviation launched ‘Krishi Udan 2.0’ on 27 October, 2021. On this occasion, Union Civil Minister Jyotiraditya...
ALLIUM NEGIANUM DISCOVERED IN UTTARAKHAND | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION A plant discovered in Uttarakhand in 2019 has been identified as a new species of Allium, a genus that has...
SIBERIAN WILDFIRES | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Climate change, according to experts, is causing huge wildfires in the Siberian country of Sakha, commonly known as Yakutia. Average...
CHINA LAUNCHED SHENZHOU-13 ON A 6-MONTH | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The work of the first three-person crew, who spent 90 days aboard, will be continued by China’s second crewed expedition....
UN CLIMATE CONFERENCE: CoP26 | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The 26th UN Climate Change Conference aims to solidify the Paris Agreement’s pledges. Its precise concerns are as follows: achieving...
GEOSPATIAL ENERGY MAP: INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On October 18, 2021, NITI Aayog unveiled a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Energy Map of India. NITI Aayog produced the...
ANTARCTICA HEADED TO CLIMATE TIPPING POINT BY 2060 | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Several ice shelves shelter the Antarctica Ice Sheet, which is the world’s largest ice reservoir. These ice shelves are supported...
CLIMATE FINANCING GOALS BOOSTED TO $100 BY ADB FOR 2019-2030 | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On October 12, 2021, the Chief Executive Officer of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) stated that the lender will increase...
CLEAN ENVIRONMENT DECLARED AS A HUMAN RIGHT BY UN | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On October 8, 2021, the United Nations Human Rights Council declared access to a clean and healthy environment to be...
CHEETAHS TO BE RE-INTRODUCED AFTER EXTINCTION IN 1952 IN | UPSC EXAM INDIA
INTRODUCTION According to State Forest Minister Vijay Shah, the world’s fastest land animal, the cheetah, which was declared extinct in India...
RANN OF KUTCH: LARGEST SOLAR PARK IN INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The Rann of Kutch is planned to host a solar power plant, largest in India, with a capacity of 4.75...
INDIA JOINS THE HAC | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On October 7, 2021, India officially joined the High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People at an event hosted...
TIGER RALLIES AND WETLAND PORTAL: ENVIORNMENT MINISTER BHPENDRA YADAV | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On October 2, 2021, Tiger Rallies in 18 tiger range states and 51 reserves throughout the nation by Union Environment...
DELHI GOVERNMENT’S 10-POINT ACTION PLAN TO FIGHT AIR POLLUTION | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On October 4, 2021, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal unveiled a 10-point “winter action plan” to address the city’s air...
LA PALMA’S LAVA REACHES THE ATLANTIC OCEAN | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION As per many media sources, lava from a volcano on the Spanish island of La Palma entered the Atlantic Ocean...
NEW AIR QUALITY NORMS BY WHO | UPSC EXAMS
INTRODUCTION On September 22, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued rigorous air quality standards and decreased the acceptable amounts of...
STATE FISH OF SIKKIM: KATLEY | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The Sikkim Fisheries Department said the Sikkim government had declared the “Copper Mahseer” locally known as “Katley” as the state’s...
BLUE FLAG CERTIFICATION TO TWO INDIAN BEACHES | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Blue Flag Beaches in India: The Environment Ministry announced on September 21, 2021, that two additional beaches in India, namely...
NATIONAL SINGLE WINDOW SYSTEM LAUNCHED | UPSC
INTRODUCTION The National Single Window System (NSWS) for investors and companies was inaugurated by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry...
DELHI-MUMBAI EXPRESSWAY
OVERVIEW In India, it will be the world’s largest expressway. On September 17, 2021, the union minister for transport, road, and...
ZIRO ORCHID CONSERVATION AND PROPAGATION CENTRE INAUGRATION
INTRODUCTION The Ziro Orchid Conservation and Propagation Centre located in Hapoli, Loer Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh has about 50 different species...
10 YEAR CLIMATE ACTION PLAN BY DELHI GOVERNMENT | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The last climate action plan by the Delhi government expired in the year 2020 and thus the state is due...
NATIONAL MONETISATION PIPELINE
INTRODUCTION The National Monetization Pipeline is an initiative by the government of India to lift the economy of the country without...
CLIMATE ACTION AND FINANCE MOBILIZATION DIALOGUE (CAFMD) | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION On September 13, 2021, India and the United States jointly launched the climate action and finance mobilization dialogue (CAFMD) of...
CENTRE FOR OLDEST ICE EXPLORATION
OVERVIEW To discover Antarctica’s oldest ice, the Oregon state university will be leading exploration and will learn about how over the...
Delhi Gets Two Smog Towers
INTRODUCTION Near the Anand Vihar Metro Station, Delhi got its second smog tower on September 7, 2021. Earlier on August 23,...
INDIA PLASTICS PACT | UPSC
INTRODUCTION On September 3, 2021, India became the first Asian country to launch the India plastics pact. At Confederation of India...
NITROGEN CYCLE
OVERVIEW In our atmosphere, nitrogen is present in a large amount that is 78%. It is also a constituent of many...
Spectral Enhancement Software
OVERVIEW The software has been launched by Coal India Limited for a better estimate of coal resources. On September 4, 2021,...
Dugong Sanctuary
INDIA’S FIRST DUGONG SANCTUARY India’s first dugong sanctuary to be established in Tamil Nadu. On September 3, 2021, the government of...
SWACHH SURVEKSHAN GRAMEEN 2021
OVERVIEW It is launched on September 9, 2021, under the Swachh Bharat mission phase 2, as a part of the ‘Azadi...
OXYGEN CYCLE
INTRODUCTION On our earth, oxygen is the richest element present. In the atmosphere, oxygen is present in the form of elements...
SOAP AND DETERGENTS – CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP
INTRODUCTION Soap and detergents both are cleansing agents. The substances which remove the dust and, in water have the cleansing action...
POLYMERS
INTRODUCTION Polymer word is derived from the word which means many units or parts. Polymers are chemical substances that have a...
CATALYST
OVERVIEW Catalyst is a substance that speeds up the chemical reaction. With the help of a catalyst, the interaction of molecules...
CORROSION AND ITS PREVENTION
INTRODUCTION When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc., it is said to be corroded...
STATES OF MATTER
INTRODUCTION Everything we see in this universe is made up of a material, that material is termed as matter. It has...
CARBON CYCLE
OVERVIEW On earth, carbon is found in various forms. It occurs in elemental form. Mian reservoirs of carbon are the ocean,...
ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
INTRODUCTION Carbon is the seventeenth most copious element by mass in the earth’s crust. It is extensively distributed in nature in...
pH SCALE AND IMPORTANCE OF pH IN DAILY LIFE
INTRODUCTION pH scale is a scale that is used to measure hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. The p in pH...
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR MINORITIES | UPSC
INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Home affairs (MHA) under Government of India has set up a commission to protect the rights of...
WORLD HERITAGE SITE – RAMAPPA TEMPLE
INTRODUCTION During the 40th session, UNESCO announced the addition of two cultural sites from India. Along with Harappan city – Dholavira...
VRIKSHAROPAN ABHIYAN 2021
INTRODUCTION The vriksharopan Abhiyan 2021 is going to be launched by the ministry of coal in India on August 19, 2021,...
NERVOUS SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION In our body, there is a need for coordination and integration of all the activities of the organs so that...
ACID, BASE, AND SALT
ACID – It is derived from the Latin word which means ‘sour’. The fruits and vegetables are sour due to the...
BLOOD GROUPS AND Rh FACTOR
• Blood is defined as a red color fluid that circulates through the vascular system in humans and other vertebrates, carrying...
ECOSYSTEM: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
INTRODUCTION All the organisms such as plants, animals, microorganism, and human beings as well as the physical surroundings interact with each...
DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA fingerprinting is a very fast way to differentiate between the DNA sequences of any two individuals. Its main objective is...
BRAIN
INTRODUCTION The brain is the central information processing organ in our body, and acts as the ‘command and control system’. It...
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION Food is one of the most basic requirements of all living organisms as it provides us the energy for growth...
REORGANIZATION OF STATES IN INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Before Independence, India was comprised of two political units – British Provinces which were ruled directly by British Government and...
PRESIDENT OF INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Union Executive is discussed in Articles 52 to 78 of Part V of the Constitution. The President is the head...
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS | UPSC EXAM
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS INTRODUCTION: Provisions provided in Articles 74, 75, and 78 of the Constitution deals with the...
NATURE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION: Indian Constitution has several salient features that distinguish it from other constitutions of the world. It has unique content and...
NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION It is an autonomous body established on October 12,1993 under the provision of the Protection of Human Rights Act,1993. The...
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935 | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The Act was yet another attempt of British administration to establish responsible government in India. Lord Linlithgow along with some...
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1919 | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The British Parliament introduced the Government of India Act 1919 in the country to establish more responsible participation of the...
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Article 12 to 35 in Part III of the Constitution is described as Magna Carta of India. It consists of...
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS VS DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES | UPSC EXAM
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS DPSP Found in Part III of the constitution (Article 12-35) Found in Part IV of the Constitution...
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Fundamental Duties were initially not a part of our Constitution. As the framers of the constitution did not find it...
FEDERALISM IN INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Federal structure refers to the establishment of independent government at central and state level with separate jurisdiction. The authority is...
ELECTION COMMISSION | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION: The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judicial and a constitutional body. It was established to conduct fair and...
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Under Part IV of the Constitution, Articles 36 to 51 provide fifteen guidelines to the federal institutes governing the State...
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Since change is the law of nature. Our Constitution also keep amending for the betterment as per the needs of...
COMPOSITION OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION: The idea for the need of a constituent assembly was initiated by Gandhi in 1922 and M.N Roy in 1927....
COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION: Article 148 provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). He is the head...
BASIC STRURCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION The basic structure doctrine is an essential invention by Supreme Court under Article 368. It restricts the Parliament to exercise...
COMMITTEES OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY | UPSC EXAM
INTRODUCTION Planning is a task that requires intelligence, foresight and realistic approach. Framing a Constitution of a country brings a huge...
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