INTRODUCTION
- Everything we see in this universe is made up of a material, that material is termed as matter.
- It has volume as well as mass.
- The matter has been classified into 5 basic elements – air, earth, fire, sky, and water.
- The matter is made up of particles that are very small in size.
STATES OF MATTER –
- Matter around us exists in 3 states – solid, liquid, and gas.
- These states of matter have aroused due to the variations in the characteristic of the particles of matter.
SOLID-STATE
- All the matters have a definite shape, distinct boundaries, and fixed volumes.
- Have negligible compressibility.
- Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside force.
- Solids may break due to the force but it is difficult to change their shape, so they are rigid.
- They can easily be stretched i.e., changes their shape when force is applied and regains when it is removed.
LIQUID STATE
- All the matters which do not have any fixed shape but do have a fixed volume.
- They have the tendency to take up the shape of the container in which they are kept, so they are not rigid but can be fluid.
- The liquid particles move freely and have greater space between each other as compared to the solid particles so, the liquid has a higher rate of diffusion as compared to the solids.
GASEOUS STATE
- Gases are highly compressible as compare to solids and liquids.
- Due to high compressibility and a large volume of gas, it can be compressed into a small cylinder and can be transported easily.
- Due to the high speed of particles and large space between them, gases show the property of diffusing fast into other gases.
CHANGES IN STATE OF MATTER –
- EFFECT OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE
- EFFECT OF CHANGE OF PRESSURE –